Which of the following is listed as an environmental factor for suicide?

• A. Solitary confinement
• B. Lack of sunlight
• C. Diminished social interaction
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Environmental factors that raise suicide risk come from the surrounding conditions and social context of a person. Solitary confinement isolates someone, which heightens distress and feelings of hopelessness. Lack of sunlight can worsen mood and energy, contributing to depressive symptoms. Diminished social interaction reduces the protective support that helps people cope with crises. Because each of these reflects the environment rather than internal traits alone, all of them are environmental factors that can elevate risk. In practice, recognizing these helps guide interventions like increasing social connectedness, improving light exposure, and reducing unnecessary isolation.